Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, with a significant number of individuals remaining unaware of their condition.

Type 1 diabetes results from the immune system attacking insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, making insulin production inadequate. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, stems from insulin resistance where the body doesn’t use insulin effectively.

Current treatments for diabetes focus on stabilizing insulin levels. For those with type 1 diabetes, this typically involves insulin injections, pumps, and continuous glucose monitoring to control blood sugar levels.

Researchers are exploring stem cell therapy to replace damaged cells in diabetes patients. Although promising in some cases, these therapies are not yet universally effective or available.

• In certain cases, stem cell therapy has reduced insulin dependency for several years.
• Brazilian trials show some patients remaining insulin-free for up to 8 years.
• New advancements use regulatory T-cells to prevent autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes.

Other therapies include the use of Teplizumab, which could delay the onset of type 1 diabetes, offering those at high risk a chance to manage the condition more effectively over time.

Teplizumab works by interacting with immune cells to prevent aggressive immune responses against insulin-producing cells, thereby extending the time patients have before needing insulin.

Despite research and advancements, a definitive cure for diabetes remains elusive. While promising, stem cell therapy and related treatments require further study and development.

For now, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular monitoring, and following medical advice remain the cornerstone of diabetes management.